The impacts of urbanization on soil erosion in the Loess Plateau region   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

SUN Hu  GAN Zhi-mao  YAN Jun-ping 《地理学报》2001,11(3):282-290

The accelerated urbanization has resulted in new soil erosion in the Loess Plateau region since the 1980s. A concept of urban erosion and its impacts on environment are discussed. The experimental studies and field investigations show that those loose silt and earth piles formed by urban construction can be eroded seriously: Under stormy rain, the amount of sediment from steep man-dumped slope is 10.8-12.2 times that of from uncovered slope land; the result of experiments with the wind tunnel also shows that the damage to the surface structure of dry loess can cause serious soil erosion by wind in some cities of the region. Even if in the urban built-up area, there are many loose sandy soil, mud and silt, which are washed into rivers by city’s ground flow in the rainy season. So, anthropogenically induced soil erosion has made soil erosion more serious around the urban areas. And the urban eroded environment has several characteristics such as fragility, complexity, seasonality and quick variability. Urban areas witness a quick economic growth and have more construction projects than rural areas, which brings more intensive changes of environments during a short period of time or adds some new elements to the erosion system. Therefore erosion has experienced more intensive impact by human activities. So, the possible impact of urbanization on erosion environment must be taken into consideration when designing or planning to exploit natural resources or to develop urban areas in the Loess Plateau.  相似文献   

“Greatest lake period” and its palaeo-environment on the Tibetan Plateau     

Li Bing-yuan  Zhu Li-ping 《地理学报(英文版)》2001,11(1):34-42

The “greatest lake period” means that the lakes are in the stage of their maximum areas. As the paleo lake shorelines are widely distributed in the lake basins on the Tibetan Plateau, the lake areas during the “greatest lake period” may be inferred by the last highest lake shorelines. They are several, even tens times larger than that at present. According to the analyses of tens of lakes on the Plateau, most dating data fell into the range of 40-25 ka BP, some lasted to 20 ka BP. It was corresponded to the stage 3 of marine isotope and interstitial of last glaciation. The occurrence of maximum areas of lakes marked the very humid period on the Plateau and was also related to the stronger summer monsoon during that period.  相似文献   

西藏高原近40年的气温变化   总被引：104，自引：10，他引：104  

杜军 《地理学报》2001,56(6):682-690

利用西藏1961－2000年月平均气温、最高气温、最低气温资料，分析了近40年高原气温的变化趋势。结果发现，西藏大部分地区四季和年平均气温为升温趋势，尤其是秋、冬季；高原上普遍存在气温非对称变化现象，以Tmax、Tmin显著上升，但Tmin上升幅度大于Tmax为主要类型。Tmax上升主要表现在夏季，增暖以冬季最为明显，气温日较差降夏季外均显著减小。在各纬度带上均表现为升温，春、秋季升温最大，冬季次之。高海拔地区比低海拔地区升温强。近40年来西藏高原年平均气温以0.26℃/10a的增长率上升，明显高于全国和全球气温的增长率。20世纪60年代多异常偏冷年，90年代多异常偏暖年。  相似文献   

The δ18O in the Guliya shallow ice core during the prevailing summer monsoons and sea-air interactions     

Zhang Xin-ping Ph.D.  Masayoshi Nakawo  Yao Tan-dong 《地理学报(英文版)》2001,11(4):438-448

The correlations of the δ¹⁸O_max in the shallow ice core from the Guliya ice cap on the Tibetan Plateau with the global sea surface temperatures (SST) and height at the 500 hPa over the Northern Hemisphere were analyzed. The correlated regions on oceans that have a significant influence on the δ¹⁸O_max in the Guliya ice core are all located in ocean currents, or convergent regions of currents. They are the eastern Equatorial Pacific, the Northern Pacific Current, the Hot Pool in the eastern Indian Ocean, the Mozambique Current, the Northern Atlantic Current, the Canary Current and the Atlantic Equatorial Current. The δ¹⁸O_max in the Guliya ice core has negative correlations with the SST located in the lower latitudes, and positive correlations with the SST in the middle latitudes. The correlated areas at the 500 hPa that have a great impact on the δ¹⁸O_max are located in the subtropical highs over the mid-low-latitude oceans and the long-wave trough area over Balkhash Lake, where there are marked negative correlations between the heights in those areas and the δ¹⁸O_max. The influencing mechanism is displayed by the diversity of the vapor origins transported to the Guliya region. The strengths of the European ridge and the ridge over Baikal Lake have notable positive correlations with the δ¹⁸O_max. The two systems indirectly influence the vapor transportation towards the Guliya region by the adjustment of long-wave trough and ridge.  相似文献   

中国华北地台二叠纪前陆盆地的发现及其证据   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

孟祥化  葛铭 《地质科技情报》2001,20(1):8-14

根据受宇地系统场控制的突发性海侵形成的碳酸盐岩－碎屑岩旋回层序界面进行的等时性旋回层序对比，建立了纵穿华北地台晚石炭世＝二叠纪的等时性旋回层序格架，首次发现了华北地台从晚石炭世至二叠纪已经由稳定克拉通盆地转化为具冲断造山楔挤压的前陆盆地，主要证据有：从紫松阶中晚期，隆林阶至栖霞阶，北华北各旋回层序已成为具有前渊造山带物源性质的巨充填层序和反粒序层序（PS6－PS28），在南华北同时限各下超层序的底部均发现具补偿性的深海相泥岩和硅质岩，在南部出现属前陆前隆带的后阶型缓坡碳酸盐岩序；二叠纪沉积盆地的冲断造山带物源性质的普遍存在，似瘤状硅质结核，凝灰岩，凝灰质沉积，以及具有浊积滑塌重力流复理石的沉积共生序列；多期次广泛发育的火山岛弧－孤后火山喷发事件；反极性时和古纬度的变化等，以上证据均支持从早二叠世以来华北板块与西伯利亚－兴蒙褶皱带发生聚敛碰撞形成冲断带和前陆盆地，证明了华北地台在二叠纪已成为具有弧后性质的前陆盆地。  相似文献   

高边坡岩体各向异性和动力特性的测试研究     

时向东  陈永建 《地质灾害与环境保护》2001,12(3):56-59

以李家峡大坝工程为例，对高边坡岩体的各向异性和动力牧场生进行了较详细的测试研究。在对层状岩体的各向异性系数对比分析的基础上，确定了爆破对岩体的破坏影响深度，并采用不同的测试参数综合地反映了断层的动力特性，这些测试成果不仅为大坝岩体的动力稳定分析提供了充足的数据，同时对大坝的建设也有重要的参考价值。  相似文献   

RUNOFF GENERATION CHARACTERISTICS IN TYPICAL EROSION REGIONS ON THE LOESS PLATEAU   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Li CHEN  Qingquan LIU  and Jiachun LI .. Division of Engineering Sciences  Institute of Mechanics  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing  China E-mail: qqliu@mail.imech.ac.cn 《国际泥沙研究》2001,16(4)

1 mTRODUCT1ONThe Loess Plateau in the central and westem China with an area of 430,(X)0 lQn2 is well known for itsancient cultUre and serious soil and water loss. About 287,(X)0 km2 of area in this region has an annualerosion be greatC than 1(XX) tlkIn2. The eroded soil totally amounts to more than 2.2 X l0' tons, amongwhich about l.6X 10' tons, on average, is delivered into the Yellow kiver mdeng the river one of thehighest sediment-laden rivers in the word. The serious soil erosion …  相似文献   

Smooth constraint inversion technique in genetic algorithms and its application to surface wave study in the Tibetan Plateau     

吴建平  明跃红  曾融生 《地震学报(英文版)》2001,14(1):49-57

IntroductionThe dispersion phenomena, which can be observed when surface wave travels through the Earth interior, has been extensively applied in investigating the velocity structure of the Earth interior. Usually, the dispersion curve is a nonlinear function of the thickness, S and P wave velocities and density of each layer. Because surface wave inversion is a multiple-minima problem, the result strongly depends on the initial model in traditional linear inversion. Genetic algorithm (GA) …  相似文献   

内蒙古呼伦贝尔盟北部砂金矿成矿规律          下载免费PDF全文

张振强 《地质找矿论丛》2001,16(3):192-196

呼伦贝尔盟北部地区由于新构造运动含金地质体长期风化剥蚀，促使金的活化。河流及其2－3级支流发育，流域广，水流充足，有利于砂金矿的迁移、富集。现代的乐山丘陵、宽阔沟谷有利于砂金的保存。该区已发现数十个砂金矿，多为河谷型，主要含金层为含粘土砂层或砂砾层。砂金富集与河谷地貌关系密切，河床弯曲的凸岸、变异部位、关门咀、迎门山等地貌是砂金富集有利部位。该区金直接来源于加里东和华力西花岗岩。结合金的来源、矿床的分布特征和富集规律，指出了该区今后砂金找矿方向。  相似文献   

生石灰桩及水泥注浆法在地基加固纠偏中的应用   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

汤亚琦 《岩土工程技术》2001,(1):57-60

某礼堂综合楼受浸水损坏，采用生石灰桩及高压水泥注浆综合法加固建筑物沉陷部分地基，获得成功。  相似文献